前言
Apache Hadoop是一款支持数据密集型分布式应用并以Apache 2.0许可协议发布的开源软件框架。它支持在商品硬件构建的大型集群上运行的应用程序。Hadoop是根据Google公司发表的MapReduce和Google档案系统的论文，由Doug Cutting在2004年完成最初版本。
环境
操作系统：CentOS_6.5_64bit
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[root@master conf]# cat /proc/version; lsb_release -a
Linux version 2.6.32-431.5.1.el6.x86_64 (mockbuild@c6b10.bsys.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Feb 12 00:41:43 UTC 2014
LSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Release: 6.5
Codename: Final
编译Hadoop版本：hadoop-2.2.0
准备
注：最好可以找到一台可以连接的到互联网的机器进行编译Hadoop，因为准备或者编译的时候都需要从网络安装很多插件。
1. 安装Java JDK（官方网站地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index.html）
由于Hadoop是Doug用java完成的，所以java是必须安装的软件之一。在CentOS环境中可以通过yum进行安装或者自己去oracle官网下载最新版本的JDK。
安装JDK：
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[root@master ~]# yum -y install java-1.7.0-openjdk java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel ldapjdk
安装完成后目录如下。
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[root@master ~]# ll /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.51.x86_64/
总用量 216
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1503 1月 14 20:59 ASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 11 03:33 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 3月 11 03:33 include
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 3月 11 03:33 jre
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 3月 11 03:33 lib
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 19263 1月 14 20:59 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 11 03:33 tapset
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 172252 1月 14 20:59 THIRD_PARTY_README
查看java版本。
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[root@master ~]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_51"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.4.4.1.el6_5-x86_64 u51-b02)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.45-b08, mixed mode)
2. 安装maven（官方网站地址：http://maven.apache.org/）
Apache Maven，是一个软件（特别是Java软件）项目管理及自动构建工具，由Apache软件基金会所提供。基于项目对象模型（缩写：POM）概念，Maven利用一个中央信息片断能管理一个项目的构建、报告和文档等步骤。曾是Jakarta项目的子项目，现为独立Apache项目。
yum安装maven
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[root@master maven]# yum install apache-maven.noarch
查看maven版本
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[root@master maven]# mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.2.1 (ea8b2b07643dbb1b84b6d16e1f08391b666bc1e9; 2014-02-14T12:37:52-05:00)
Maven home: /usr/share/apache-maven
Java version: 1.7.0_51, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.51.x86_64/jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "2.6.32-431.5.1.el6.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"
下载安装maven（下载地址：http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi）apache-maven-3.2.1-bin.tar.gz
解压
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[root@master ~]# tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.2.1-bin.tar.gz
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[root@master ~]# cd apache-maven-3.2.1
[root@master apache-maven-3.2.1]# ll
总用量 40
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 18 02:23 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 18 02:23 boot
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2月 14 12:34 conf
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 3月 18 02:23 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14865 2月 14 12:40 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 182 2月 14 12:39 NOTICE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2513 2月 14 12:34 README.txt
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[root@master ~]# cp -r apache-maven-3.2.1 /usr/local/
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/local/apache-maven-3.2.1/
[root@master apache-maven-3.2.1]# ll
总用量 40
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 18 02:24 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 18 02:24 boot
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 3月 18 02:24 conf
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 3月 18 02:24 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14865 3月 18 02:24 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 182 3月 18 02:24 NOTICE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2513 3月 18 02:24 README.txt
[root@master apache-maven-3.2.1]#
将MAVEN_HOME加入环境变量中。
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[root@master apache-maven-3.2.1]# vim /etc/profile
在/etc/profile的最后一行加入如下。
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export MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.2.1
export PATH=.:$$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$$PATH
保存退出。
更新并查看maven版本。
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[root@master apache-maven-3.2.1]# source /etc/profile
[root@master apache-maven-3.2.1]# mvn --version
Apache Maven 3.2.1 (ea8b2b07643dbb1b84b6d16e1f08391b666bc1e9; 2014-02-14T12:37:52-05:00)
Maven home: /usr/local/apache-maven-3.2.1
Java version: 1.7.0_51, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.51.x86_64/jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "2.6.32-431.5.1.el6.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"
3. 安装protobuf（官方网站地址：https://code.google.com/p/protobuf/）
protobuf是google提供的一个可以编码格式化结构数据方法，Google大部分的RPC端通信协议都是基于protocol buffers的。同时现Hadoop中master和slave中的RPC通信协议也都是基于它实现的。
安装protobuf之前需要安装几个组件，才可以编译安装protobuf，如已有该些软件，请跳过。
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[root@master ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make
下载2.5.0版本protobuf（下载地址：https://code.google.com/p/protobuf/downloads/list）protobuf-2.5.0.tar.gz。
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[root@master ~]# tar -zxvf protobuf-2.5.0.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# cd protobuf-2.5.0
[root@master protobuf-2.5.0]# ll
总用量 1212
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 36976 2月 26 2013 aclocal.m4
-rwxr-xr-- 1 109965 5000 1519 2月 26 2013 autogen.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 25312 2月 26 2013 CHANGES.txt
-rwxr-xr-- 1 109965 5000 44826 2月 26 2013 config.guess
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 3709 2月 26 2013 config.h.in
-rwxr-xr-- 1 109965 5000 35454 2月 26 2013 config.sub
-rwxr-xr-- 1 109965 5000 599150 2月 26 2013 configure
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 4829 2月 26 2013 configure.ac
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 3527 2月 26 2013 CONTRIBUTORS.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 1732 2月 26 2013 COPYING.txt
-rwxr-xr-- 1 109965 5000 20334 2月 26 2013 depcomp
drwxr-xr-x 2 109965 5000 4096 2月 26 2013 editors
drwxr-xr-x 2 109965 5000 4096 2月 26 2013 examples
-rwxr-xr-- 1 109965 5000 1105 2月 26 2013 generate_descriptor_proto.sh
drwxr-xr-x 15 109965 5000 4096 2月 26 2013 gtest
-rwxr-xr-- 1 109965 5000 13998 2月 26 2013 install-sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 9537 2月 26 2013 INSTALL.txt
drwxr-xr-x 3 109965 5000 4096 2月 26 2013 java
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 283680 2月 26 2013 ltmain.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 109965 5000 4096 2月 26 2013 m4
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 15189 2月 26 2013 Makefile.am
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 41742 2月 26 2013 Makefile.in
-rwxr-xr-- 1 109965 5000 10346 2月 26 2013 missing
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 408 2月 26 2013 protobuf-lite.pc.in
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 429 2月 26 2013 protobuf.pc.in
drwxr-xr-x 3 109965 5000 4096 2月 26 2013 python
-rw-r--r-- 1 109965 5000 5312 2月 26 2013 README.txt
drwxr-xr-x 4 109965 5000 4096 2月 26 2013 src
drwxr-xr-x 2 109965 5000 4096 2月 26 2013 vsprojects
[root@master protobuf-2.5.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/protoc/
[root@master protobuf-2.5.0]# make && make install
安装完成后，将protoc写入环境变量。
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[root@master protobuf-2.5.0]# vim /etc/profile
在/etc/profile最后一行中，写入如下两句，并保存退出。
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export PROTOC_HOME=/usr/local/protoc
export PATH=.:$$PROTOC_HOME/bin:$$PATH
更新并查看protobuf版本。
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[root@master protobuf-2.5.0]# source /etc/profile
[root@master protobuf-2.5.0]# protoc --version
libprotoc 2.5.0
4. 安装其他依赖
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[root@master protobuf-2.5.0]# yum install cmake openssl-devel ncurses-devel<span style="font-size:18px;">
</span>
编译安装
从Hadoop官网下载2.2.0稳定版本（下载地址：http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/hadoop/common/stable/）hadoop-2.2.0-src.tar.gz
解压
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[root@master hadoop]# tar -zxvf hadoop-2.2.0-src.tar.gz
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[root@master hadoop]# cd hadoop-2.2.0-src
root@master hadoop-2.2.0-src]# ll
总用量 108
-rw-r--r-- 1 67974 users 9968 10月 7 01:53 BUILDING.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 dev-support
drwxr-xr-x 3 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-assemblies
drwxr-xr-x 2 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-client
drwxr-xr-x 8 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-common-project
drwxr-xr-x 2 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-dist
drwxr-xr-x 6 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-hdfs-project
drwxr-xr-x 10 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-mapreduce-project
drwxr-xr-x 3 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-maven-plugins
注：源码中存在一个BUG详见（https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HADOOP-10110），解决办法如下。
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[root@master hadoop-2.2.0-src]# cd hadoop-common-project/hadoop-auth
[root@master hadoop-auth]# ll
总用量 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 67974 users 629 10月 7 01:52 BUILDING.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 67974 users 7028 10月 7 01:52 pom.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 67974 users 545 10月 7 01:52 README.txt
drwxr-xr-x 5 67974 users 4096 10月 7 01:52 src
[root@master hadoop-auth]# vim pom.xml
在pom.xml第55行加入以下内容。
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<dependency>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-util</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
保存并退出，BUG解决完成。
退回到起初hadoop-2.2.0-src目录下。
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[root@master hadoop-auth]# cd ../../
[root@master hadoop-2.2.0-src]# ll
总用量 108
-rw-r--r-- 1 67974 users 9968 10月 7 01:53 BUILDING.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 dev-support
drwxr-xr-x 3 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-assemblies
drwxr-xr-x 2 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-client
drwxr-xr-x 8 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-common-project
drwxr-xr-x 2 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-dist
drwxr-xr-x 6 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-hdfs-project
drwxr-xr-x 10 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-mapreduce-project
drwxr-xr-x 3 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-maven-plugins
drwxr-xr-x 2 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-minicluster
drwxr-xr-x 3 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-project
drwxr-xr-x 2 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-project-dist
drwxr-xr-x 11 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-tools
drwxr-xr-x 3 67974 users 4096 10月 7 02:45 hadoop-yarn-project
-rw-r--r-- 1 67974 users 15164 10月 7 02:46 LICENSE.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 67974 users 101 10月 7 02:46 NOTICE.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 67974 users 16569 10月 7 01:53 pom.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 67974 users 1366 10月 7 02:46 README.txt
最后，执行编译命令
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[root@master hadoop-2.2.0-src]# mvn package -DskipTests -Pdist,native
编译过程很久，请耐心等待。
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[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Main ................................ SUCCESS [02:36 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Project POM ......................... SUCCESS [01:17 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Annotations ......................... SUCCESS [ 34.374 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Assemblies .......................... SUCCESS [ 0.217 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Project Dist POM .................... SUCCESS [ 41.527 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Maven Plugins ....................... SUCCESS [ 43.952 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Auth ................................ SUCCESS [ 33.819 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Auth Examples ....................... SUCCESS [ 11.162 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Common .............................. SUCCESS [04:40 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop NFS ................................. SUCCESS [ 16.089 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Common Project ...................... SUCCESS [ 0.035 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS ................................ SUCCESS [02:29 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HttpFS .............................. SUCCESS [ 16.069 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS BookKeeper Journal ............. SUCCESS [01:15 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS-NFS ............................ SUCCESS [ 3.178 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS Project ........................ SUCCESS [ 0.025 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn ....................................... SUCCESS [01:17 min]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-api ................................... SUCCESS [ 41.931 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-common ................................ SUCCESS [ 23.424 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server ................................ SUCCESS [ 0.077 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-common ......................... SUCCESS [ 7.492 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-nodemanager .................... SUCCESS [ 13.799 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy ...................... SUCCESS [ 3.021 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager ................ SUCCESS [ 10.077 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-tests .......................... SUCCESS [ 0.305 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-client ................................ SUCCESS [ 4.342 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications .......................... SUCCESS [ 0.102 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications-distributedshell ......... SUCCESS [ 3.759 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client ........................... SUCCESS [ 0.044 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-core ...................... SUCCESS [ 19.331 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications-unmanaged-am-launcher .... SUCCESS [ 1.776 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-site .................................. SUCCESS [ 0.088 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-project ............................... SUCCESS [ 10.864 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-common .................... SUCCESS [ 16.493 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle ................... SUCCESS [ 2.516 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-app ....................... SUCCESS [ 8.973 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs ........................ SUCCESS [ 4.314 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient ................. SUCCESS [ 5.121 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins ................ SUCCESS [ 1.646 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Examples .................. SUCCESS [ 5.443 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce .................................. SUCCESS [ 2.021 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Streaming ................. SUCCESS [ 4.114 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Distributed Copy .................... SUCCESS [ 26.639 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Archives ............................ SUCCESS [ 1.992 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Rumen ............................... SUCCESS [ 5.204 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Gridmix ............................. SUCCESS [ 3.827 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Data Join ........................... SUCCESS [ 2.590 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Extras .............................. SUCCESS [ 2.658 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Pipes ............................... SUCCESS [ 6.587 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Tools Dist .......................... SUCCESS [ 1.103 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Tools ............................... SUCCESS [ 0.023 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Distribution ........................ SUCCESS [ 7.099 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Client .............................. SUCCESS [ 2.781 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Mini-Cluster ........................ SUCCESS [ 0.072 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 21:12 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2014-03-18T06:35:50+00:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 141M/461M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
编译安装完成结果信息。
编译完成后根目录。
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[root@test hadoop-2.2.0-src]# cd hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.2.0/
[root@test hadoop-2.2.0]# ll
总用量 28
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 3月 18 06:35 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 3月 18 06:35 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 3月 18 06:35 include
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 3月 18 06:35 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 3月 18 06:35 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 3月 18 06:35 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 3月 18 06:35 share
[root@master hadoop-2.2.0]# pwd
/root/hadoop-2.2.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.2.0
查看版本。
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[root@master hadoop-2.2.0]# export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64/
[root@master hadoop-2.2.0]# bin/hadoop version
Hadoop 2.2.0
Subversion Unknown -r Unknown
Compiled by root on 2014-03-18T06:24Z
Compiled with protoc 2.5.0
From source with checksum 79e53ce7994d1628b240f09af91e1af4
This command was run using /root/hadoop-2.2.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.2.0/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.2.0.jar
编译完成，谢谢！
特别感谢：http://www.superwu.cn/2013/12/26/913/ 大神，就是看着他的博客做的。我只是修改了部分内容，如果有不清楚的地方也可以去他的博客。
PS：CSDN设计的这个验证码简直是非人类，根本看不清。
转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/axu_beijing/article/details/21445371，谢谢
参考
http://hadoop.apache.org/
http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/Apache_Hadoop
http://book.51cto.com/art/201004/196447.htm
http://www.superwu.cn/2013/12/26/913/
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven
